tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-257490242011-04-21T22:36:28.227-04:00Elizabethhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08754184065830866755noreply@blogger.comBlogger31100tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-25749024.post-1146680050105022852006-05-03T14:13:00.000-04:002006-05-07T14:16:35.143-04:00<span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Trigeminal Nerve</span></span><br /><br /><br />The trigeminal nerve is the fifth (V) cranial nerve.<br />It is the main sensory nerve of the face and motor<br />nerve for chewing muscles, muscles in the middle<br />ear and muscles in the floor of the mouth.<br /><br /><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5148/2694/1600/Trigeminal.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5148/2694/320/Trigeminal.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font>Photo From<br /><a href="http://www.webmd.com/">http://www.webmd.com</a><br /><br /><br /><font><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;font-size:100%;" >What is the route of the nerve to leave<br />the neurocranium?</span><br /><br />The nuclei of the nerve are located between the<br />forebrain (front of the brain) and brain stem.<br />It is in the pons and extends down into the<br />cervical portion of the spinal cord.<br /><br /><br /><font><font><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;" ><span style="font-weight: bold;">Where does the nerve then travel?</span><br /><br /></span>The nerve emerges by two sensory and motor<br />roots from the pons and enters a cavity of the<br />dura mater at the temporal bone, where it's<br />sensory root expands to form the trigeminal<br />ganglion. This forms 3 branches.<br /><br />This nerve is called trigeminal because it<br />divides into 3 branches:<br /><br /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><ul><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></sp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<font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font> </span><li>the ophthalmic nerve (V1)<br /></li> <li>the maxillary nerve (V2)<br /></li> <li>the mandibular nerve (V3)<br /></li> 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n><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font> The ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular<br />branches leave through various holes in<br />the skull.<br /><br />The </span><span style="font-weight: bold;">ophthalmic nerve</span> exits with eye muscle<br />group<br />The <span style="font-weight: bold;">maxillary nerve</span> exits foramen rotundum<br />through wall of maxillary sinus<br />The <span style="font-weight: bold;">mandibular nerve</span> exits foramen ovale to<br />mandibular foramen - mental foramen<br /><font><br /></span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5148/2694/1600/trigeminal1.gif"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5148/2694/320/trigeminal1.gif" alt="" border="0" /></a><br /><font><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Photo From<br /></span><a href="http://www.ohsu.edu/neurosurgery/conditions/tn-description.shtml">http://www.ohsu.edu</a><font><br /><br /></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;" ><br /></span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Sensory</span><br /><br />The <span style="font-weight: bold;">Trigeminal Nerve</span> is the major sensory<br />nerve of the head. It is responsible for sensation<br />over most of the skin on the head. (<font></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;" >visceral</span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font>)<br /><br /></span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Motor</span><br /><br />All three <span style="font-weight: bold;">Trigeminal Branches</span> carry sensory<br />information, only the mandibular branch<br />carries motor input.<br /><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">What are all of its "targets" that it serves?</span><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">What do they do? </span><font></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;" ></span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Sensory or motor neurons? </span><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Somatic or visceral neurons?</span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font><br /><br /></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;" ><br />The </span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Mandibular Nerve</span> allows for the jaw to<br />open and close (somatic motor neuron), it allows<br />for a thick muscle in your cheek to close your jaw<br />when chewing, (<font></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;" >somatic motor neuron)</span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font> it elevates<br />the floor of the mouth and tongue (somatic motor neuron)<br />and it tenses a small muscle in the middle ear<br />to protect the eardrum. (visceral motor neuron)<br />It also contols sensation in your lower lip, lower jaw<br />and lower gum. (visceral sensory neuron)<br /></span><font><br /></span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5148/2694/1600/mandibularnerves.1.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5148/2694/320/mandibularnerves.1.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Mandibular Nerve<br />Photo From <a href="http://www.meddean.luc.edu">www.meddean.luc.edu</a><br /><font><br /><br />The </span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Ophthalmic Nerve</span> controls sensation in<br />your eye, upper eyelid, anterior part of the<br />nasal cavity and the skin of the nose and<br />forehead. (visceral sensory neuron)<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5148/2694/1600/OptNerves.1.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5148/2694/320/OptNerves.1.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><font>Ophthalmic Nerve<br />Photo From </span><a href="http://www.meddean.luc.edu">www.meddean.luc.edu</a><br /><br /><font><br /><br /></span><font>The </span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Maxillary Nerve</span> controls sensation in your<br />lower eyelid, cheek, nostril, upper lip, upper gum<br />and maxillary teeth. (visceral sensory neuron)<br /><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font><br /></span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5148/2694/1600/maxillarynerves.0.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5148/2694/320/maxillarynerves.0.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a><br /><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font></span><font><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Maxillary Nerve<br />Photo From </span><a href="http://www.meddean.luc.edu">www.meddean.luc.edu</a><br /><br />P.S. Blogger still doesn't like me lol<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><font></span><font></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;" ><br /><br /><br /></span><br /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/25749024-114668005010502285?l=elizabethanatomy3.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>Elizabethhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08754184065830866755noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-25749024.post-1144636172404286512006-04-09T22:29:00.000-04:002006-04-12T14:42:56.816-04:00<span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">The Lower Limb</span></span><br /><br />The lower limb is subdivided by the hip, knee<br />joint, and ankle joint into the regions :<br /><ol> <li>Buttock (gluteal)</li> <li>Thigh</li> <li>Leg</li> <li>Foot</li> </ol><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5148/2694/1600/LowerLimb.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5148/2694/320/LowerLimb.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Bones in the lower limb<br />Photo From :: <a href="http://www.getbodysmart.com">http://www.getbodysmart.com</a><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Muscles & Nerves In The Lower Limb<br /><br /></span><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">I. Gluteal Region</span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Nerves of the gluteal area are the:<br /><br /></span><ul> <li>Superior Gluteal</li> <li>Inferior Gluteal</li> <li>Sciatic</li> <li>Posterior Femoral Cutaneous</li> <li>Pudendal</li> </ul><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5148/2694/1600/glutNerves.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5148/2694/320/glutNerves.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Nerves of the gluteal region<br />Photo from :<br /><a href="http://mywebpages.comcast.net/wnor/homepage.htm">http://mywebpages.comcast.net/wnor/homepage.htm</a><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Muscles Of The Gluteal Region</span><br /><br />The muscles of the gluteal region are responsible for<br />extension, abduction, lateral rotation and slight medial<br />rotation hip joint.<br /><br /><ul> <li style="font-weight: bold;">Gluteus Maximus</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Origin</span> - Outer surface of ilium, sacrum, coccyx</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Action</span> - Extends & laterally rotates thigh at hip</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Nerve</span> - Inferior gluteal nerve</li> </ul> <ul> <li style="font-weight: bold;">Gluteus Medius</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Origin</span> - Outer surface of ilium</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Action</span> - Abducts thigh at hip; tilts pelvis when walking</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Nerve</span> - Superior gluteal nerve</li> </ul> <ul> <li style="font-weight: bold;">Gluteus Minimus</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Origin</span> - Outer surface ilium</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Action</span> - Abducts thigh at hip; medially rotate thigh</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Nerve</span> - Superior gluteal nerve</li> </ul> <ul> <li style="font-weight: bold;">Tensor Fasciate Latae</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Origin</span> - Iliac crest</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Action</span> - Assists gluteus maximus in extending knee</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Nerve</span> - Superior gluteal nerve</li> </ul><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5148/2694/1600/glutealmuscles1.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5148/2694/320/glutealmuscles1.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Photo of gluteal muscles<br />Photo from ::<br /><a href="http://mywebspaces.comcast.net/wnor/homepage.htm">http://mywebspaces.comcast.net/wnor/homepage.htm</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">II. Posterior Compartment Of The Thigh</span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Nerves in the posterior compartment of the thigh:<br /><br /></span><ul> <li>Common Peroneal Nerve</li> <li>Sciatic Nerve</li> <li>Tibial Nerve</li> </ul><span style="font-weight: bold;">- Hamstrings -</span><br /><br />As a group, the muscles of the posterior compartment<br />of the thigh are called the hamstrings.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">The Hamstrings are</span>:<br /><br /><ul> <li>Biceps Femoris (long head)</li> <li>Semimembranosus</li> <li>Semitendinosus</li> </ul><span style="font-weight: bold;">Muscles in the posterior compartment of thigh<br /><br /></span><ul> <li style="font-weight: bold;">Biceps Femoris, Long Head</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Origin</span> - Ischial Tuberosity</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Action</span> - Flexes & laterally rotates leg; extends thigh</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Nerve</span> - Tibial part of sciatic nerve</li> </ul> <ul> <li style="font-weight: bold;">Biceps Femoris, Short Head</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Origin</span> - Shaft of femur</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Action</span> - Flexes & laterally rotates leg</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Nerve</span> - Common peroneal nerve</li> </ul> <ul> <li style="font-weight: bold;">Semitendinosus</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Origin</span> - Ischial Tuberosity</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Action</span> - Flexes & medially rotates leg; extends thigh</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Nerve</span> - Tibial part of sciatic nerve</li> </ul> <ul> <li style="font-weight: bold;">Semimembranosus</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Origin</span> - Ischial Tuberosity</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Action</span> - Flexes & medially rotates leg; extends thigh</li> </ul> <ul> <li style="font-weight: bold;">Adductor Magnus</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Origin</span> - Ischial Tuberosity</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Action</span> - Extends thigh</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Nerve</span> - Tibial part of sciatic nerve</li> </ul><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5148/2694/1600/image1.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5148/2694/320/image1.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Muscles - Posterior Thigh<br />Photo From :<br /><a href="http://www.getbodysmart.com">http://www.getbodysmart.com</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">III. Popliteal Fossa</span><br /><br />The popliteal fossa is a diamond shaped region<br />behind the knee.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Nerves in the Popliteal Fossa<br /><br /></span><ul> <li>Tibial Nerve</li> <li>Common Peroneal Nerve</li> </ul><span style="font-weight: bold;">Muscles in the Popliteal Fossa<br /><br /></span><ul> <li>Semitendinous</li> <li>Biceps Femoris</li> <li>Gastroncnemius</li> </ul><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">IV. Medial Compartment of The Thigh</span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Nerves in the Medial Compartment of Thigh<br /><br /></span><ul> <li>Obturtor Nerve</li> <li>Tibial Part of Sciatic Nerve</li> </ul><span style="font-weight: bold;"> Muscles in the Medial Compartment of Thigh<br /><br /></span><br />The major action of the group of muscles is<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">adduction</span>.<br /><br /><ul> <li style="font-weight: bold;">Gracilis</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Origin</span> - Inferior ramus of pubis</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Action</span> - Adducts thigh; flexes leg</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Nerve</span> - Obturator Nerve</li> </ul> <ul> <li style="font-weight: bold;">Adductor Longus</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Origin</span> - Body of pubis</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Action</span> - Adducts thigh & assists in lateral rotation</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Nerve</span> - Obturator Nerve</li> </ul> <ul> <li style="font-weight: bold;">Adductor Brevis</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Origin</span> - Inferior ramus of pubis</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Action</span> - Adducts thigh & assists in lateral rotation</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Nerve</span> - Obturator Nerve</li> </ul> <ul> <li style="font-weight: bold;">Adductor Magnus</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Origin</span> - Inferior ramus of pubis; ramus of ischium</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Action</span> - Adducts thigh & asists in lateral rotation</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Nerve</span> - Obturator Nerve & Tibial part of sciatic</li> </ul><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5148/2694/1600/image.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5148/2694/320/image.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Muscles - Medial Thigh<br />Photo from :: <a href="http://www.getbodysmart.com">http://www.getbodysmart.com</a><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">V. Anterior Compartment of The Thigh</span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Nerves in the Anterior Compartment of Thigh<br /><br /></span><ul> <li>Deep Peroneal Nerve</li> <li>Femoral Nerve</li> </ul><span style="font-weight: bold;"> Muscles in Anterior Thigh<br /><br /></span><ul> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Sartorius</span> - longest muscle in the body</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Origin</span> - Illium</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Action</span> - Flexes leg at knee</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Nerve</span> - Femoral Nerve</li> </ul> <ul> <li style="font-weight: bold;">Rectus Femoris</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Origin</span> - Anterior inferior iliac spine & ilium</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Action</span> - Extends leg at knee</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Nerve</span> - Femoral Nerve</li> </ul> <ul> <li style="font-weight: bold;">Vastus Lateralis</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Origin</span> - Posterior Femur</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Action</span> - Extends leg at knee</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Nerve</span> - Femoral Nerve</li> </ul> <ul> <li style="font-weight: bold;">Vastus Medialis</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Origin</span> - Shaft of femur</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Action</span> - Extends leg at knee</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Nerve</span> - Femoral Nerve</li> </ul> <ul> <li style="font-weight: bold;">Vastus Intermedius</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Origin</span> - Anterior/Lateral shaft of femur</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Action</span> - Extends leg at knee</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Nerve</span> - Femoral Nerve</li> </ul><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">VI. Lateral Leg</span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Nerves in Lateral Leg<br /><br /></span><ul> <li>Superficial Peroneal Nerve</li> </ul><span style="font-weight: bold;"> Muscles in Lateral Leg<br /><br /></span><ul> <li style="font-weight: bold;">Fibularis Longus</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Origin</span> - Shaft of fibula</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Action</span> - Plantar flexes foot</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Nerve</span> - Superficial peroneal nerve</li> </ul> <ul> <li style="font-weight: bold;">Fibularis Brevis</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Origin</span> - Shaft of fibula</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Action</span> - Plantar flexes foot</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Nerve</span> - Superficial peroneal nerve</li> </ul><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5148/2694/1600/LateralLeg.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5148/2694/320/LateralLeg.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Lateral Leg<br />Photo from : Power Point Presentation<br /><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">VII. Anterior Leg</span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Nerves in the Anterior Leg<br /><br /></span><ul> <li>Deep Peroneal Nerve</li> </ul><span style="font-weight: bold;"> Muscles in the Anterior Leg<br /><br /></span><ul> <li style="font-weight: bold;">Extensor Digitorum Longus</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Origin</span> - Shaft of fibula</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Action</span> - Extends toes</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Nerve</span> - Deep peroneal nerve</li> </ul> <ul> <li style="font-weight: bold;">Extensor Hallicus Longus</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Origin</span> - Shaft of fibula</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Action</span> - Extends big toe</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Nerve</span> - Deep peroneal nerve</li> </ul> <ul> <li style="font-weight: bold;">Tibialia Anteriorus</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Origin</span> - Shaft of tibia</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Action</span> - Extends the foot</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Nerve</span> - Deep peroneal nerve</li> </ul><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5148/2694/1600/AnteriorLeg.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5148/2694/320/AnteriorLeg.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Anterior Leg<br />Photo from : Power Point Presentation<br /><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">VIII. Posterior Leg</span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Nerves in Posterior Leg<br /><br /></span><ul> <li>Tibial Nerve</li> </ul><span style="font-weight: bold;"> Muscles in Posterior Leg<br /><br /></span><ul> <li style="font-weight: bold;">Gastrocnemius</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Origin</span> - Medial & lateral femur</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Action</span> - Plantar flexes foot; flexes leg</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Nerve</span> - Tibial Nerve</li> </ul> <ul> <li style="font-weight: bold;">Flexor Digitorum Longus</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Origin</span> - Shaft of tibia</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Action</span> - Flexes distal phalanges</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Nerve</span> - Tibial Nerve</li> </ul> <ul> <li style="font-weight: bold;">Flexor Hallucis Longus</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Origin</span> - Shaft of fibula</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Action</span> - Flexes distal big toe</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Nerve</span> - Tibial Nerve</li> </ul> <ul> <li style="font-weight: bold;">Soleus</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Origin</span> - Shafts of tibia & fibula</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Action</span> - Plantar flexes foot; force in walking/running</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Nerve</span> - Tibial Nerve</li> </ul><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5148/2694/1600/PosteriorLeg.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5148/2694/320/PosteriorLeg.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Posterior Leg<br />Photo from : Power Point Presentation<br /><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">XI. Bones, Cartilage & Joints</span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Bones</span><br /><br />Bones provide support & movement for the limbs.<br />They provide protection &amp; mineral storage. Bones<br />are a connective tissue.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Bone Cell Types<br /><br /></span><ul> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Osteoblasts</span> - bone-forming cell (make bones)<br /></li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Osteoclasts</span> - resorb or break down bone (make new)<br /></li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Osteocytes</span> - sit in bone & monitor status</li> </ul><span style="font-weight: bold;"> Types of Bony Tissue</span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Compact Bone</span> - dense tissue at surface of bones. Highly<br />vascular. Haversian canals<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Spongy Bone</span> - lighter and less dense than compact bone.<br />Consists of trabeculae (plates) & bars of bone adjacent to<br />small cavities that contain red bone marrow. Interior of long<br />bones, skull bones<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Cartilage</span><br /><br />Cartilage is found between bones. It permits smooth<br />movement of joints. Cartilage grows fast. It is bouncy or<br />rubbery. It is harder than ligaments - softer than bone. It is<br />mostly water. Forms embryonic skeleton. Cartilage is a<br />connective tissue.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Types of Cartilage<br /><br /></span><ul> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Hyaline</span> - most common - found in joints</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Elastin</span> - found in ear, epiglottis</li> <li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Fibrous</span> - found in intervertebral discs, menisci of knee</li> </ul><span style="font-weight: bold;">Joints</span><br /><br />A joint is the location at which two bones make contact<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Types of Joints</span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Fibrous</span> - Fibrous joints connect bones without<br />allowing any movement. The bones of your pelvis<br />and skull are held together by fibrous joints<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Cartilanginous</span> - are joints in which the bones are<br />attached by cartilage. These joints allow for only a<br />little movement, such as in spine and ribs<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Synovial</span> - allow for much more movement than<br />cartilanginous joints. Cavities between bones in<br />synovial joints are filled with synovial fluid. This fluid<br />helps lubricate & protect bones<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Pivot</span> - allows for rotation around an axis<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Hinge</span> - allows extension<br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5148/2694/1600/HINGE.0.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5148/2694/320/HINGE.0.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Hinge Joint<br />Photo from ::<br /><a href="http://www.shockfamily.net/skeleton/JOINTS.HTML">http://www.shockfamily.net/skeleton/JOINTS.HTML</a><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Ball & Socket</span> - allows for radial movement in almost<br />any direction<br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5148/2694/1600/BALLSOCK.0.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5148/2694/320/BALLSOCK.0.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Ball & Socket Joint<br />Photo from ::<br /><a href="http://www.shockfamily.net/skeleton/JOINTS.HTML">http://www.shockfamily.net/skeleton/JOINTS.HTML</a><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Gliding</span> - bones slide past each other<br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5148/2694/1600/GLIDING.0.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5148/2694/320/GLIDING.0.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Gliding Joint<br />Photo from ::<br /><a href="http://www.shockfamily.net/skeleton/JOINTS.HTML">http://www.shockfamily.net/skeleton/JOINTS.HTML</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">X. Skeletal Elements & Joints In Lower Limb</span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">1. The Hip (Femur & Acetabulum)</span><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5148/2694/1600/hip.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5148/2694/320/hip.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />The Hip<br />Photo From : <a href="http://www.scoi.com/hip.htm">www.scoi.com/hip.htm</a><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Joints in the Hip<br /><br /></span><ul> <li>Ball & Socket</li> <li>Multiaxial</li> <li>Synovial<br /></li> </ul><span style="font-weight: bold;"> Movements at the Hip Joint<br /><br /></span><ul> <li>Flexion</li> <li>Extension - by gluteus maximus & hamstrings</li> <li>Adduction - by adductors longus, brevis, magnus</li> <li>Lateral Rotation - by gluteus maximus, quads</li> <li>Medial Rotation - by anterior gluteus minimus</li> </ul><span style="font-weight: bold;">Nerves to the Hip Joint<br /><br /></span><ul> <li>Femoral</li> <li>Obturator</li> <li>Sciatic</li> <li>Nerve to Quadratus Femoris</li> <li>Direct Branches of Sacral Plexus</li> </ul><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;"> 2. The Knee</span><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5148/2694/1600/knee.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5148/2694/320/knee.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />The Knee<br />Photo From : <a href="http://www.scoi.com/kneeanat.htm">http://www.scoi.com/kneeanat.htm</a><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Joints In The Knee (Femur & Patella)<br /><br /></span><ul> <li>Plane</li> <li>Gliding of Patella</li> <li>Synovial</li> </ul><span style="font-weight: bold;"> Joints in the Knee (Femur & Tibia)<br /><br /></span><ul> <li>Hinge</li> <li>Biaxial</li> <li>Synovial</li> </ul><span style="font-weight: bold;"> Muscles that Move Joints In The Knee</span><br /><br />There are several muscles that flex the leg at<br />the knee joint:<br /><br /><ul> <li>Hamstring Muscles</li> <li>Sartorius</li> <li>Gracilis</li> <li>Gastrocnemius</li> </ul><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">3. Tibia = Big Toe Side & Fibula = Little Toe Side</span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Movements in the Proximal Tibia/Fibula<br /><br /></span><ul> <li>Plane</li> <li>Gliding</li> <li>Synovial</li> </ul><span style="font-weight: bold;"> Joints in the Distal Tibia/Fibula<br /><br /></span><ul> <li>Fibrous</li> </ul><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5148/2694/1600/tibia_fibula.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5148/2694/320/tibia_fibula.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Photo From:<br /><a href="http://academic.wsc.edu/faculty/jatodd1/351/ch8outline.html">http://academic.wsc.edu/faculty/jatodd1/351/ch8outline.html</a><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">4. The Ankle</span><br /><br />The ankle joint is <span style="font-weight: bold;">made up of 3 bones</span>: the lower end of<br />the <span style="font-weight: bold;">tibia</span>, the <span style="font-weight: bold;">fibula</span>, and the <span style="font-weight: bold;">talus</span>.<br /><br />The talus sits on top of the <span style="font-weight: bold;">calcaneus</span> (heel bone). The<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">talus</span> moves mainly in one direction. It works like a<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">hinge</span> to allow your foot to move up & down<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Joints In The Ankle<br /><br /></span><ul> <li>Synovial.<br /></li> </ul><span style="font-weight: bold;"> Movements in the Ankle<br /><br /></span><ul> <li>Dorsiflexion (Extension)</li> <li>Plantarflexion (Flexion)</li> </ul><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5148/2694/1600/scoi-ankle-main.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5148/2694/320/scoi-ankle-main.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />The Ankle<br />Photo From :<br /><a href="http://www.scoi.com/anklanat.htm">http://www.scoi.com/anklanat.htm</a><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">5. The Foot</span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Bones in the Foot<br /><br /></span><ul> <li>Tarsals</li> <li>Talus = ankle</li> <li>Calcaneus = heel</li> <li>Metatarsals</li> <li>Phalanges</li> </ul><span style="font-weight: bold;"> Joints In The Foot<br /><br /></span><ul> <li>Long Plantar Ligament</li> <li>Calcaneocuboid</li> <li>Calcaneoavicular</li> </ul><span style="font-weight: bold;"> Movements in the Foot<br /><br /></span><ul> <li>Toes - Flexion/Extension</li> </ul><span style="font-weight: bold;"> Function of The Foot<br /><br /></span><ul> <li>Supports weight</li> <li>acts as a lever when walking</li> </ul><span style="font-weight: bold;"> Muscles in the Foot (Dorsum of foot)<br /><br /></span><ul> <li>Extensor Digitorum Brevis</li> </ul><span style="font-weight: bold;"> Muscles of the sole of the foot (1st Layer)<br /><br /></span><ul> <li>Abductor Hallucis</li> <li>Flexor Digitorum</li> <li>Abductor Digiti Minimi</li> </ul><span style="font-weight: bold;">2nd Layer<br /><br /></span><ul> <li>flexor accessorius</li> <li>flexor digitorum longus tendon</li> <li>lumbricals</li> <li>flexor hallucis longus</li> </ul><span style="font-weight: bold;"> 3rd Layer<br /><br /></span><ul> <li>flexor hallucis brevis</li> <li>adductor hallucis (oblique head)</li> <li>adductor hallucis (transverse head)</li> <li>flexor digiti minimi brevis</li> </ul><span style="font-weight: bold;">4th Layer<br /><br /></span><ul> <li>dorsal interossei</li> <li>plantar interossei</li> <li>tendon of peroneus longus</li> <li>tendon of tibialis posterior</li> </ul><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5148/2694/1600/foot_tv.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5148/2694/320/foot_tv.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Photo From: <a href="ttp://www.arch-pain.com">http://www.arch-pain.com</a><br /><br />*I know some things might look/show better if<br />I make the text bigger... but I have written this entry<br />twice. I have problems with font/text html errors.<br />I'm happy I just got words to bold lol :) I hope it<br />looks ok. I'm afraid to change anything :)<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/25749024-114463617240428651?l=elizabethanatomy3.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>Elizabethhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08754184065830866755noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-25749024.post-1144635532943572912006-04-09T22:17:00.000-04:002006-04-09T22:24:01.296-04:00My 3rd blog lol :)<br /><br />My original blog was too slow. I had to make<br />a new one. My 2nd blog was giving me the<br />same problems as the 1st blog. So this is my 3rd<br />blog now.<br /><br />My Original blog is ::<br /><a href="http://elizabethanatomy.blogspot.com">http://elizabethanatomy.blogspot.com</a><br /><br />Original Blog Contains ::<br /><ol> <li>Introduction Post</li> <li>Overall Organization of Body</li> <li>Connective & Epithelial Tissues</li> <li>PNS &amp; Structure of Vertebrae<br /></li> </ol><br />My 2nd blog is ::<br /><a href="http://elizabethanatomy2.blogspot.com">http://elizabethanatomy2.blogspot.com</a><br />(this blog doesn't contain anything)<br /><br />I will post my entry on The Lower Limb.<br />I have it completed on my 2nd blog as a draft.<br />However, if I publish it to that blog, it will be<br />slow again. I will post my Lower Limb entry<br />sometime late Monday or Tuesday on this blog.<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/25749024-114463553294357291?l=elizabethanatomy3.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>Elizabethhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08754184065830866755noreply@blogger.com0